How does Douglass's opening reference to the Declaration of Independence reinforce his message? In The Blessings of Slavery, by George Fitzhugh he states that southern slaves for the most part are the freest and happiest people in the world. For each of the following sentences, write the correct word or expression from the pair in parentheses. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? [26] Douglass, Life and Times of Frederick Douglass, in Frederick Douglass: Autobiographies, pp. He was appealing to the public to honor those victims claim for a slight measure of compensation in a fashion carefully tailored to their needs and to the deepest of the wrongs that they had suffered. That which is inhuman, cannot be divine! As the author of three autobiographies, Douglass framed his life story as a series of reversals of fortune suggestive of the possibility of liberating revolutionary change. II, p. 528 (emphasis in original). Latest answer posted August 20, 2009 at 11:51:14 PM. [60] He feared that such a development among black Americans likewise would be the effect of continuing failures to do justice by American institutions, as it could result also from the disaffection propagated by black advocates of emigration, despairing of Americas prospects for reform. When you're preparing an argument, make sure to note where you got your evidence. Douglass's central claim in his autobiography is that slavery is as harmful to whites as it is to slaves. What is remarkable, then, is not that Douglass felt alienated from his country for most of the 1840s, but rather that, by the force of his character and intellect, he overcame this alienation as rapidly and thoroughly as he did. Although Frederick Douglass believes that the only way to freedom for him and his fellow slaves, is through learning how to build on. Slaverys primary victims, mostly knowing nothing of the Declaration itself, would corroborate its truth by their various acts of resistance, displaying their natural love of liberty and their moral humanity as rights-possessors. Taking the policy claim from earlier, if an author is arguing that the United States should ban capital punishment, their reasons would be the reasons why they believe this is the case. The authorsTEACHING ESSAYS BUNDLEincludes the threeprintable and digitalresources students need to mastertheCCSS W.1 argumentative and W.2 informational/explanatory essays. How does learning to read and write change Douglas, as he outlines in Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave? Through the use of first person encounters, Frederick Douglass in his narrative A Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass argues that the key to freedom is claimed through education. Let us know your assignment type and we'll make sure to get you exactly the kind of answer you need. For example, This evidence may be true; however, the objection does not change the fact that, 2. Log in here. We want no black Ireland in America, he warned in response to the Supreme Courts disappointing ruling in the Civil Rights Cases in 1883no American counterpart to the aggrieved, unproductive, disproportionately criminal (under)class that Douglass viewed as the natural issue of Englands injustice. This reassuring view is not, however, the prevailing opinion among postCivil Rights Era scholars and activists concerned with race relations. 380382. "What is Frederick Douglass's overall claim in The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass? Undaunted by these setbacks, however, he maintained to the end a strenuous schedule of speaking and writing, laboring to remind the succeeding generations that there was a right side and a wrong side in the late war and to propagate his undying faith in the mission and promise of America. IV, p. 459. Latest answer posted August 21, 2018 at 9:25:03 PM. The following sentence frames helped out my students considerably: First Contrasting Transition +Name the Opposition +Strong Verb + Opposing Point of View +Evidence + Analysis + Second Contrasting Transition + Reference the Opposing Point of View + Turn, However, But, Admittedly, Although, Alternatively, Strong Verbs + Denial/Assertion or Assertion, Denial:reject, oppose, disagree, question, doubt thisview andAssertion:argue that, reason that, claim that, support, conclude that. V, p. 625. State what role curiosity plays in an interview. IV, pp. (a) What main claim shapes Douglass's speech? 9, how does Douglass come to know the date? Likewise, it went hand-in-hand with his wariness of the moral hazards attendant on whites benevolence. Frederick Douglass, J. M. Whitfield, H. O . appalachian school of law shooting victims; private members' clubs london mayfair. work!!! Your claim is that you need a new cell phone. He condemned not only Americas Government, but also its Constitution for supporting and perpetuating this monstrous system of injustice and blood.[11]. I was a man now.[9]. 1. To the contrary, it was a hard-won achievement, and as such, it contains valuable lessons for all Americans and especially for those who, like the young Douglass himself, find themselves dispirited about their place and prospects in their country. Neither do we address you as enemies, (although the recipients of innumerable wrongs); but in the spirit of patriotic good will. Why, or why not? Here is where the author has a bit of discretion over how to organize their essay. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. For example, one popular reason in support of the claim about banning capital punishment is that capital punishment costs taxpayers more than life in prison. [56] To the Editor of the National Republican, in Life and Writings, Vol. Soon thereafter, Frederick Douglass uses some smart tactics to resume his learning. Covey as an event that "revived within me a sense of my own manhood". This strategy displays the idea that slaves were seen as property and could be discarded easily. (make). But his Do nothing with us! rhetoric, oversimplified for emphasis, has been misunderstood by critics who read it literally as a denial of public obligation and a justification of public indifference toward the freedpeople. Speaking in mid-1863 on the question What shall be done with the Negro? he specified four altogether objectionable responses. https://www.facebook.com/groups/sorliteracyhub, Enter code 3716 for 10% Discount on all ELA and Reading Intervention Programs. The fact is, Douglass observed as he reviewed the succession of failed attempts to quiet the controversy over slavery, the more the question has been settled, the more it has needed settling. James Madison, the commonly acknowledged Father of the Constitution, in a speech at the Constitutional Convention denounced slavery grounded in the mere distinction of colour as the most oppressive dominion ever exercised by man over man.[6] Likewise, Thomas Jefferson, the principal author of the Declaration of Independence, in his original draft of that document denounced slavery (not only the slave trade) as a cruel war against human naturean institution creating and depending on a market, he emphasized to excite outrage in his readers, where MEN should be bought & sold. All the major figures of the Founding forwarded similar denunciations of slavery. [50] My Bondage and My Freedom, in Autobiographies, p. 286; Douglass to Stowe, March 8, 1853, in Life and Writings, Vol. 790, 795797. -his language is different, it proves hes educated, (b) How effective would it be for a modern audience? [62] Abraham Lincoln, Annual Message to Congress, December 1, 1862, in Abraham Lincoln: His Speeches and Writings, ed. Below is an example of an effective claim, supported by reason and on-topic, credible evidence, followed by an effective counterclaim that disagrees with and disproves the claim through its own reasoning, evidence to support the counterclaims, as well as an effective rebuttal to the counterclaim with evidence of its own. . It was specifically on grounds of reparative justice that he urged support of one particular federal public-education proposal, a bill put forward by Senator Henry Blair of New Hampshire. OR. Nevertheless, his speech does make an argument. Post author: Post published: junho 22, 2022 Post category: when would the undeposited funds feature not be necessary? Even Christianity was corrupted by slavery, he points out. He also goes on to say a number of other things that basically establish that slaves live an easy and good life compared to others. Its easy for us to admit that slavery is wrong but, in Frederick Douglasss time no one thought that it was. Concluding his July Fourth oration in 1852, he reassured his audience, I do not despair of this country. [34] Douglass, Let the Negro Alone, May 11, 1869, in Douglass Papers, Vol. Central to the question of the wars larger moral legacy was the fate of those with whom he peculiarly identified: those lately emancipated. For example, this argument misses the key point that. He gives reasons for this claim and backs them up with evidence. Post author: Post published: junho 10, 2022 Post category: comcast central division leadership Post comments: semi pro football tulsa semi pro football tulsa 348349 (emphasis in original). how does douglass refute this counterclaim? Although, Douglass is able to be direct our thoughts to these experiences in such a light, you feel as if you are witnessing it happen right before you. An effective argumentative essay will bring up counterclaims for two reasons: Bringing up counterclaims provides the author with a sense . Counterclaims are arguments of the opposing side which the author will address. The words you choose make a difference in your writing. That appreciation was, however, specific to the maturity of his thought. How would you expect obdurate people to respond to advertisements? Evaluating an Argument Guidelines & Examples | What is an Argument? Those who are skeptical of the claim of a post-racial America have a point. Under its influence, the tender heart became stone, and the lamblike disposition gave way to one of tigerlike fierceness" (page 28). Second, it indicates Douglasss reluctance to support more radical measures such as the plan for confiscation proposed in 1867 by Pennsylvania Congressman Thaddeus Stevens, leader of the Radical Republicans in the House of Representatives. While this quote is from a credible source (Carolina Justice Policy Center) and provides factual evidence, the evidence is not relevant to the specific claim and reasoning provided. The 1850s witnessed a series of what, to many, must have appeared to be catastrophic setbacks for the abolitionist cause, beginning with the execrated Fugitive Slave Law of 1850, including also the KansasNebraska Act of 1854, and culminating in the Dred Scott ruling in 1857. How do you think that refuting a misconception strengthened your presentation? The reasoning is the logic used to prove a claim. II, p. 235; Address on the Twentieth Anniversary of Emancipation, April 16, 1883, in Douglass Papers, Vol. Such practices implicated southern white landowners in a conspiracy to refrain from selling land to black would-be buyers and to compensate black laborers only by means that prevented them from accumulating any savings. Every beating, every death, every malicious act was all recorded for the people of the U.S. to finally see the error of our ways. IV, p. 420. This counterclaim both disagrees with the claim and disproves it with on-topic reasoning. Slavery was an embarrassing time in Americas history. It is very clear that Douglass wants us as readers understand the true humanity of him and other slaves and wants to show the extent to which perceptions of inequality are flawed. In addition to using Counterclaim and Refutation Sentence Frames, writing teachers may also be interested in these related articles:Why Use an Essay Counterclaim?,Where to Put the Essay Counterclaim, andWhat is the Essay Counterclaim? Is there a solution for how to address or resolve the issue going forward? In the book called The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, he attempts to shine light on the American Slave system in the 1800s. The first of his positive reversals occurred as he was sent to serve as a house slave in Baltimore, where, aided by his kindly slavemistress Sophia Auld, he learned the rudiments of literacy. The rise of this abolitionist agitation would alarm slaveholders, who would respond by attempting to suppress abolitionist speech and to strengthen and perpetuate their political power by expanding slaverys presence in federal territories, thus preparing the admission of additional slave states. A claim of policy is an argument in support of, in opposition or, or for the alteration of an existing policy, law, or mandate. 7282. (a) In one sentence, state Douglass's argument, -abolsih slavery in the eyes of God/our country. eNotes Editorial, 21 Jan. 2020, https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/what-is-frederick-douglass-s-overall-claim-in-the-152137. In each piece of literature both authors also unknowingly touch on topics of early American history such as free labor ideology and paternalism therefore deepening our knowledge of popular understandings during this time period. jim preston mchenry, il obituary. His careful planning paid off in September 1838, when he fled Baltimore disguised as a seaman and made his way ultimately to New Bedford, Massachusetts, where he settled, a newly married man, and took the surname Douglass from the hero in Sir Walter Scotts epic poem The Lady of the Lake. Not transient and fitful effort, but patient, enduring, honest, unremitting, and indefatigable work, into which the whole heart is put. Much of the distinctive greatness of this nation, he continues, is due to its hospitality to just this sort of virtue. Douglas removed his residual doubts by diving into the Warm Lake and swimming across to the other shore and back. -yes! A claim of value makes a judgement on something's worth, morality, or merit. In his 1894 Blessings of Liberty and Education speech, presented a few months before his death, Douglass ventured on the subject a last word that he feared would be more useful than palatable: Since emancipation we hear much said of our modern colored leaders in commendation of race pride, race love, race effort, race superiority, race men and the like. Attorney Douglass does not refute any specific findings by the trial court, but simply claims in a conclusory manner that there was . So, there you have it - the four parts of an argument: claims, counterclaims, reasons, and evidence. IV, ed. Working with the above claim and reasoning (the United States should ban capital punishment because capital punishment costs taxpayers more than life in prison), below is an example of strong evidence and weak evidence to support the claim and reason. Passage of the bill would signify, he contended, at least a recognition of a great national duty towards a people to whom an immeasurable debt is due. [59] Douglass, African Civilization Society, February, 1859, in Life and Writings, Vol. Douglas first swam alone in the pool to remove his residual doubts about his fear of water. Facebook Instagram. 42% of the inmates are black, although African-Americans only account for 12.5% of the U.S. population" (Walter). the debate over slavery? Here it is essential to note that Douglass, like James Madison, conceived of the right to property in its primary sense as a right to acquire material goods, grounded in the free use of ones faculties for productive labor. Douglass proposed the chartering of a national land and loan company empowered to purchase available tracts of land and then to resell or lease those lands to members of the newly emancipated class. To correct this historical record is at once an intellectual, a civic, and a moral imperative, but to reaffirm the old integrationist faith in Americas principles and institutions, it is necessary (if not sufficient) to recover the Founders actual opinions about slavery and race. Douglasss suggestions in these remarks about the proper way to conceive of reparation for slavery nicely encapsulate his political thought in the postwar period and indeed throughout his entire career. The evidence is the facts, data, and quoted experts used to provide support for the reasoning. He talks of the ways in which black men and women struggle to hold their families together, and the importance of music as a way to express deep sadness. His speeches and writings supply a treasure of arguments against the perpetuation of racial injustice and, no less, against the demoralizing critiques of it according to which, absent a utopian transformation of Americas principles, institutions, and culture, white racism and an oppositional identity for blacks must be taken as permanent features of American society. In the postwar decades, Douglasss initially bright hopes for rapid, lasting reforms faded as the nations governing majority, weary of conflict, flagged in its commitment to enforcing the civil and political rights of the freedpeople in the ex-rebel states. Covey was at the house, about one hundred yards from the treading-yard where we were fanning. (b) How early in the speech does he introduce this claim? Use etymological information in a dictionary to verify your choices, -obstacle: prevents progress Douglass publicly announced his change of opinion in the spring of 1851, but his most powerful statement of his revised view appears, fittingly enough, in his speech at an Independence Day celebration in 1852. As he explained to an audience of Boston abolitionists in early 1862, fair play meant that the ruling majority should do nothing with us, by us, or for us as a particular class. Get the Writing Style Posters FREE Resource: Grammar/Mechanics, Literacy Centers, Study Skills, Writing argument essay, argumentative essay, common core writing standards, counterargument sentence frames, Counterarguments, Counterclaim and Refutation Sentence Frames, counterclaim sentence frames, counterclaim transitions, Counterclaims, essay argument, essay strategies, Mark Pennington, Opposing Claims, rebut, Rebuttal, Refutation, refute, Teaching Essay Strategies, writing style, and receive a free welcome gift! Hannover Turismo When providing evidence to support reasoning, always make sure that the evidence comes from a credible source and that it is directly relevant to the reasoning. The main parts of an argument are: An error occurred trying to load this video. In an argument, your, 'My cell phone doesn't have Internet access,' would need to be beefed up a little, to, 'My current cell phone doesn't provide Internet access, which is necessary for me to complete all my homework.' She is certified to teach 6-12 grade ELA. Its my students first attempt at writing the argumentative essay. A reason tells why the claim is made and is supported by the evidence. [39] Address of the Colored National Convention to the People of the United States, October 47, 1864, in Life and Writings, Vol. It was doubtful liberty at most, and almost certain death is we failed. [51] Frederick Douglass was one of the most commonly known slaves to have existed. But there are two sides to every argument. A great deal is at stake in this critique, and it demands a clear, forthright response: These charges against the Founders are false as well as pernicious. IV, p. 63. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? [48] What the Black Man Wants, in Douglass Papers, Vol. Already a member? III, p. 418. Curiosity may have killed the cat, but it will help you be a good interviewer. Provide a quotation from the speech that shows Douglass's response to the counterclaim identified. II, p. 375. The function of a claim is to provide the author's argument. The broadest and bitterest of the black mans misfortunes is the fact that he is everywhere regarded and treated as an exception to the principles and maxims which apply to other men.[35], In its concrete applications, Douglasss principle of fair play meant first that the white majority must refrain from various courses of action whereby it might be tempted to evade rather than to resolve properly the problem of race relations. It is very difficult to see how the forward- and upward-looking labor required to achieve the ends of justice for all and black elevation in America is to be sustained amid a spreading sentiment of alienation from America. Let him alone![33], This response epitomizes Douglasss career-long insistence on the cultivation of self-reliant virtue as the primary means of elevation from the degraded condition in which many years of slavery and proscription had left most black Americans. Rebecca Simon is an ELA and social studies Master Teacher. [8] The boy who became Frederick Douglass was born, enslaved, on Marylands Eastern Shore in February 1818 and given the improbably dignified name Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey. (b) Up to that point, what evidence has he presented to support his claim? Let us consider first the difficulties. Douglass provides. The body can be organized by reasoning, with the author providing three reasons as the topic sentences for the three paragraphs, then using further reasoning and evidence to prove the topic sentence. international legion of territorial defense of ukraine pay. A few of which include inequality, education, and Christianity as the keys to freedom in terms of its true values within the institution of slavery. The conclusion of the essay is one paragraph and contains an overarching summary of the argument as well as any implications this argument may have moving forward. "In addition to wasting lives, the death penalty also wastes money. V, pp. Addressing a womens rights convention in 1868, Douglass made the point simply and bluntly: If the elective franchise is not extended to the negro, he dieshe is exterminated.[39], Moreover, as the voting right was an imperative of justice, it was also, Douglass argued, a powerful agency for the cause of integration. [N]o one seems to have doubted the correctness of the prevailing opinion of the time.[4]. Cliquestrickland and jones funeral home obituaries. At the same time Douglass is disgusted with education because it lets him know and fully understand the extent and horrors of slavery. The United States should ban capital punishment. How does Douglass refute this counterclaim? How he acquired it is a part of his story not to be neglected. Your fathers, the fathers of this republic, did, most deliberatelyand with a sublime faith in the great principles of justice and freedom, lay deep the corner-stone of the national superstructure, which has risen and still rises in grandeur around you. To remedy the degradation and impoverishment that proceeded from this culture of indolence, Douglass throughout the postwar years insistently extolled the property right and the virtues of free labor that supported it, and he called upon his fellow black Americans in particular to cultivate the self-reliant virtues of industry, productivity, and thrift. 2. IV, p. 514. IV, p. 68. The Constitution, as well as the Declaration of Independence, and the sentiments of the founders of the Republic, give us a plat-form broad enough, and strong enough, to support the most comprehensive plans for the freedom and elevation of all the people of this country, without regard to color, class, or clime. [1] Martin Luther King, Jr., I Have a Dream, in A Testament of Hope: The Essential Writings and Speeches of Martin Luther King, Jr., ed. Douglass discovers that a slave was set free by persuading his master, and as a result, this information makes Douglass an avid learner. All rights reserved. Explanation, insight, example, logic to support the counterclaim evidence, Still, However, But, Nevertheless, Yet, Despite, Although, Even though, this argument, this position, this reasoning, this evidence, this view. Evidence should be from a source that's reliable, and it makes your argument even better if you have evidence from multiple sources. The grave danger was that reunion and peace would be purchased at the cost of obscuring the moral principles that remained in contest. Soon enough after AfricanAmericans gained the vote, Douglass believed, the interests of white politicians and voters would overcome their prejudices; blacks would be courted by the leaders of all parties, and their rights and interests would be recognized in law and policy.[41]. James M. Washington (New York: HarperCollins, 1986), pp. How many masters did Frederick Douglass have? As he gathered his energies to prepare yet another lecture on the imperative of equal justice for all, he suffered a sudden heart attack or stroke and died on February 20, 1895.
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