There, Marion waited, knowing that Watson would eventually appear. Soldiers who served during the years 1777-1780, when the currency was depreciating, were paid in But they were engaged with one of the finest regiments in the British army and, thus, in the world. Like the Associators, they were volunteers. The Regiment was authorized on December 9, 1775 in the Continental Army as the 3d Pennsylvania Battalion. Subsequently, management of these troops was assumed by the Continental Congress. Lee particularly shined when his regulars stiffened the irregular local forces of leaders like Francis ("Swamp Fox") Marion. About; Leadership; Public Information; Contact; Join; . On March 14, 1776, the 6th Pennsylvania Battalion was sent to New York City. Marion and his men had won the days skirmish. Robert Rogers of New Hampshire organized a corps of New England woodsmen as full-time Provincials directly under British military auspices and paid out of British funds. Two companies also accompanied Benedict Arnold's attack on Quebec. It is believed and written by many that when the time came for the colonies to fight for their independence, the American Rangers were ready. To a degree, when one looks to the likes of Francis Marion, The Swamp Fox, that may be true. Whitcomb's Rangers started as a similar provisional unit on the Lake Champlain front in 1776. Organized in between September 28- December 18, 1776 at Sunbury to consist of 8 companies from Northampton, Berks, Cumberland and Northumberland Counties. Colonel Stewart called his regiment the Thirteenth Pennsylvania Regiment in his weekly return of October 27, and it was so designated and officially added to the Continental Line by a resolution of the Continental Congress dated November 12, 1777. In their place came a complex system of county battalion classes and officers whose seniority was chosen by the drawing of lots. The original 8th Pennsylvania Regiment was formed in July 1776 of men from Westmoreland and Bedford counties in western Pennsylvania. To use this feature, use a newer browser. Benjamin Church and Maj. Robert Rogers both formed Ranger units to fight during the King Phillips War and the French and Indian War. Search Connecticut Revolutionary War Rolls, 1775-1783 from The National Archives, Search Compiled Service Records of Soldiers Who Served from Connecticut in the American Army During the Revolution from The National Archives. Taking refuge in forests and swamps, for which he earned the appellation the Swamp Fox from his enemies, Marions brigade kept the British off-balance with quick movements that captured British troops, destroyed supplies, and disrupted lines of communications. With little winter clothing and half their muskets unservicable, the men struggled by foot, sloop, and bateaux into Canada, their strength sharply reduced by sickness. The 6th Pennsylvania was then posted there for the next three months and was involved in several brushes with the British. These groups assisted state-controlled - yet still temporary - militias. Following a brief skirmish on the narrow land bridge, both sides withdrew. Mother Bedford - The Pennsylvania Frontier Of The 1700s These active duty rolls could be distinguished from the permanent billet rolls by the fact that instead of being listed by individual classes as they were in the permanent rolls, the names of the men were here listed under the name of the company captain. Later, some of the 11th Pennsylvania took part in the patrol actions in New Jersey, which marked the spring and summer of 1777. The "Act to Regulate the Militia of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania" passed 17 March 1777, and the the subsequent Militia Act passed March 20, 1780, together with their amendments, required all white men between the ages of 18 and 53 capable of bearing arms to serve two months of militia duty on a rotating basis. In formal battles it provided unblemished flank security, but it was even better in rear battle by conducting deep raids against British logistical bases. On Sept. 1, 1780, Tye's brigade raided the Colts Neck home of Capt. Imposing and silent, highly disciplined and trained, impressive in their bright red uniforms, the guards led with bayonets that gleamed and sparkled on the ends of upraised muskets. June 26, 1777 - As part of Lord Stirling's Division the regiment probably joined the army in time to participate in the battle of Short Hills. The four regiments of light dragoons raised in 1777 as a reconnaissance force derived from European developments in light cavalry during the eighteenth century. Furloughed on January 17, 1781 at Trenton, New Jersey. Capt. At least one company of the regiment joined in the assaults on the Chew House and lost a number of men. As a result of declining numbers, the Pennsylvania Regiments were reorganized into three provisional battalions. The two dismounted troops armed and equipped as light infantry provided a defensive element to protect the camp from enemy surprise attack, and also provided a base of fire around which the mounted elements could maneuver. But, from the perspective of Robert Rogers and his Rangers, that is contrary to the fact. Organized between January 8- March 20, 1776 at Carlisle to consist of 8 companies from Cumberland and York Counties. Many of the Invalids were subsequently pensioned. In fact, Major General Friedrich von Steuben wrote a separate drill manual for them in late 1780. The militia did provide a significant defensive force patrolling the south side of the Schuylkill River and engaged in occasional clashes with British outposts and scouting parties including heavy skirmishes at Whitemarsh on December 7. At some point, the settlers at Hannastown erected a stockade, fashioned of logs placed upright in the ground, around a spring and a blockhouse at the edge of town. It is known that no Pennsylvania militia served at Valley Forge, Monmouth, or Yorktown. After a settlement was reached, the regiment was furloughed at Trenton on January 17. By December 8, a remnant of the First Battalion was at New Germantown, New Jersey, but the bulk of the men had been mustered out of service. RootsWeb is funded and supported by They were either used to augment the operations of the Continental Line such as when some of the Associators accompanied General Washington in crossing the Delaware in January 1777. The regiment was authorized in December, 1775 as the 5th Pennsylvania Battalion. Within each county, the colonels drew lots for their individual rank, which was then assigned to their battalion as First Battallion, Second Battalion, Third Battalion, etc. Union County, Resend Activation Email. Having dashed ahead to destroy the bridge, Horry and his men were positioned fifty yards across the river. On January 1, 1777, the survivors of the 5th Battalion, along with exchanged prisoners and new recruits, were reorganized into the 6th Pennsylvania. They also helped garrison Fort Pitt, Fort Henry, and a number of smaller posts. On June 30, 1775, the Provincial Assembly gave official recognition to the Associators and grouped their companies into battalions. Swearingen resigned from the service in August 1779 and settled in Washington County, Pa., where he owned a handful of slaves and became the county's first sheriff two years later. Pay for military service was often long delayed. Relieved on August 31, 1776 from Stirling's Brigade and assigned to Mifflin's Brigade, an element of the. Brief History of the 6th Pennsylvania Regiment of 1777. Battle of Wyoming - Wikipedia You need a Find a Grave account to continue. The second type of service was duty on the frontier in Northumberland, Northampton, Bedford and Westmoreland counties. Captured in part on November 16, 1776 by the British Army at Fort Washington, New York. Also important to understand is that the 1777 Militia Act automatically expired in 1780 and was immediately replaced by a new Militia Act that also lasted for three years and was superceded by a third Militia Act in 1783. The traditional ranger usage reached its peak during the French and Indian War. To make amends for such depreciation, each of these men who in 1781 yet remained in line service was awarded a substantial sum inDepreciation Pay Certificates, which were both interest bearing and negotiable, like bonds of the present day. . During 1777, the regiment participated in the Philadelphia Campaign and fought at the Battles of Brandywine (11 Sept.) and Germantown (4 Oct.). The Regiment was authorized on March 15, 1777 in the Pennsylvania State Troops as Capt. The Pennsylvania State Regiment of Foot was organized at the end of April, 1777, from the men and officers of Miles's rifle battalion and Atlee's musketry battalion. The act called for eight battalion districts to be created in Philadelphia and in each of the eleven extant counties. Ages ranged from sixteen to sixty years. March 5, 1776 The Pennsylvania House of Representatives passes a resolution to establish: The Pennsylvania State Rifle Regiment, know as Miles's Regiment, was to consist of two battalions of six companies of seventy-eight enlisted men, armed with rifles: The State Battalion of Musketry, known as Atless's Battalion, was to consist of eight companies of fifty-eight enlisted men, armed with muskets. who served in the war of the American Revolution, 1775-1783 . Miscellaneous private papers relating to the French and Indian War, the Revolutionary War, War of 1812, Mexican War, Civil War, Spanish-American War, Philippine Insurrection, World War I, the Pennsylvania National Guard, and peacetime military service. This Revolutionary War Militia Arrangement provides a breakdown of the battalions and companies raised in each county and the names of the commanding officers. The regiment spent the winter months at Morristown, New Jersey, where it built up strength and was placed in Brig. The history of Army Rangers from 1775 to now In 1782, John Alton served as a Private in the Pennsylvania Rangers on the Frontier in Captain John Dean's Company in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, with his brother Benjamin during Colonel Crawford's disastrous expedition against the Indians at Sandusky. In certain counties there were recruited special troops calledRangers, who served long enlistments on the frontier against the Indians. You can customize the cemeteries you volunteer for by selecting or deselecting below. This highly successful group of Partisans was known as Marions Brigade.. There is no particular record that the unit was involved in any fighting that summer, but in October, 1779, it had 452 officers and men with Wayne at West Point. There was a problem getting your location. Were your ancestors part of the Pennsylvania Line? Union County, He was replaced by Col. John Phillip DeHaas of Lebanon. Thus, the Pennsylvania Rifle Battalion, being the first unit formed by the state, became the 1st Pennsylvania Regiment, The 1st Pennsylvania Battalion became the nucleus of the 2nd Pennsylvania Regiment and so on. For the rotation of field officers on active duty, it was therefore necessary to substitute Colonel for Captain, Lieutenant Colonel for 1st Lieutenant, Major for 2nd Lieutenant, etc in the column under each Battalion for Company. The 7th Pennsylvania was part of the force that attacked the blockhouse under Wayne at Bergen Heights on july 21, 1780. They spent the winter at Valley Forge and fought at the battle of Monmoth on June 28, 1778. From beginning to end during the Revolutionary War, the brunt of the fighting was borne by line troops, companies composed of men enlisted for not less than six months and frequently for the duration of the war. The Regiment was authorized on December 9, 1775 in the Continental Army as the 2d Pennsylvania Battalion. A third type of militia duty was in providing guards for supply depots located in Lancaster, Lebanon and Reading and at various prisoner of war camps. The regiment would see action during the New York Campaign, Battle of Brandywine, Battle of Germantown, Battle of Monmouth and the Sullivan Expedition. On 22 July 1778 the regiment was re-assigned to the 2d Pennsylvania Brigade. If you have questions, please contact [emailprotected]. [2] The only time Pennsylvania seems to have had any sort of basic militia prior to the draft is during the winter months of 1776 into 1777. Certificates of the funded or Militia Debt. Depreciation Pay Certificates, which were both interest bearing and negotiable, like bonds of the present day. It also provided an avenue for conscientious objectors to fulfill their legal obligation to the state without compromising their religious convictions. 1st United States President, Revolutionary War Mount Vernon, Veterans of this corps played a major role in the Continental Army during the Revolution, including Major General Israel Putnam and Brigadier Generals John Stark and Moses Hazen. In fact, his memoirs published in 1716 by a son are the first American military manual. In 1779, a detachment accompanied light infantry troops in the storming of Stoney Point. Within minutes, the planks had been removed from the center of the bridge and the stringers burned on the east end. A County Lieutenant holding the rank of colonel was responsible for implenenting the law with the assistence of sub-lieutenants who held the rank of lieutenant colonel. William Hendrick's and Mathew Smith's companies each additionally served in: On June 14, 1775, the Continental Congress passed a resolution calling for the raising of six companies of expert riflemen from Pennsylvania, two from Maryland, and two from Virginia. In the Western Department, the unit helped construct and garrison Fort McIntosh on the Beaver River, and Fort Laurens on the Tuscarawas. The American Revolutionary War, also known as the American War of Independence, was a war between the Kingdom of Great Britain and thirteen British colonies in North American. The American leadership stressed the ideas of Maurice, comte de Saxe and the comte de Guibert, two leading French military theorists, which advocated cross-training every soldier to perform both line or light infantry roles to allow mission flexibility. By March 30, four of the companies had arrived at the American lines in front of Quebec, but before the remainder could come up the attack on the city was abandoned and the battalion started the slow retreat back to New York. Military Association, a civilian reserve designed to repel invasion. For an account of the arrangement and operations of the Pennsylvania Line soldiers see The Pennsylvania Navy was created in 1775 and, like the Pennsylvania Line, was filled by voluntary enlistment. Online Revolutionary War Indexes and Records - Military Indexes The American revolutionaries were not without their Rangers, despite Rogers' support of the Crown. Unfortunately, neither this stick nor the carrot achieved the desired results. History of the massacre of Captain Phillips' Pennsylvania Rangers; Illinois, Revolutionary War Veteran Burials, 1775-1850; Illinois, U.S., Revolutionary War Veteran Burials Index, 1775-1850; In memoriam : citizen soldiers of Dracut, Mass. A quick fight ensued with heavy firing. Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania Line, Militia, Rangers, Associators, and Flying Camp Most of Whitcomb's men came from New Hampshire and the Hampshire Grants (now Vermont). Most of the Associators now disbanded. Undaunted by the destroyed bridge or the rebels fire, the lead guardsmen closed column and plunged across the river. Black regimental hats are bound up in yellow.Records of deserters in 1777-78 show however, men clad in various color regimental coats and hunting shirts. After the war he became the Commander of the First American Regiment, for a time they only infantry unit in the fledgling army of the independent United States. Under the provisions of the Militia Law, the men called up for active duty were automatically assigned to companies whose numbers were different from their own company numbers on the permanent billet rolls. Marion knew that an engagement with them would not be easy and he could expect no support from the American army. Formed in 1780 as a result of the brutality of British General Cornwallis severe measures, this unit was commanded by Brigadier General Francis Marion, considered by many to be one of the boldest and most dashing figures of the American Revolution. Northampton County Revolutionary War Militia Following the reduction of the Pennsylvania Line in the winter of 1780-81 the unit was redesignated "the detachment of the Pennsylvania Line", and consisted of two companies. Since the company captain and lower officers were also called up, their identities provide a clue to the permanent class, company, and battalion to which a particular individual belonged. Unfortunately, when redemption came many of the original holders had long since sold their certificates at heavy discounts. Unfortunately for Watson, the lack of trees and concealment did not diminish the fires, nor their accuracy. In 1747, Ben Franklin (only 39 years of age at the time) created the Philadelphia Militia Association, a completely volunteer force totalling 10,000 enrollees. It was here that they received a new commander, Lieutenant Colonel Josiah Harmar, on the 1st of January 1778. The regiment was officially disbanded in January, 1783, although in reality, no regiment had existed since 1781. The Pine Tree Shilling. Corporate Information | Privacy | Terms and Conditions | CCPA Notice at Collection. Continental Regiments, 1st Pennsylvania Regiment 2d Pennsylvania Regiment 3d Pennsylvania Regiment 4th Pennsylvania Regiment 5th Pennsylvania Regiment 6th Pennsylvania Regiment 7th Pennsylvania Regiment 8th Pennsylvania Regiment 9th Pennsylvania Regiment 10th Pennsylvania Regiment 11th Pennsylvania Regiment 12th Pennsylvania Regiment 13th Pennsylvania Regiment Nelson's Independent Rifle Company William's Independent Company Morehead's Independent Company Weaver's Independent Company Pugh's Independent Company Doyle's Independent Rifle Company Pennsylvania State Musketry Battalion Carlisle Independent Companies State Militia Units. 1st Pennsylvania Regiment (Revolutionary War) FamilySearch On the brink of war, the Continental Congress passed a resolution on 14 June 1775, on what is known as Flag Day, that "six companies of expert riflemen be immediately raised in Pennsylvania, two in Maryland, and two in Virginia." The item Washington County, Pa., Frontier Rangers, 1781-1782 : Washington County, Pa., Rangers, Revolutionary War burials of Greene County, Pa., Revolutionary War burials of Washington County, Pa., compiled by Paul W. Myers represents a specific, individual, material embodiment of a distinct intellectual or artistic creation found in Indiana State Library. 14 cemeteries found in will be saved to your photo volunteer list. Begin Main Content Area Bedford County Revolutionary War Militia. Watson rode back to rally his men only to have his horse shot from under him. Bedford County Revolutionary War Militia As the advance guard made its way across the river, Marion fell upon the rear guard. Translate. With his men in a panic and the number of wounded and suffering growing, Watson shelved his pride and addressed a letter to Marion not only requesting permission to send seven of his most seriously wounded through the lines but once again alluding to the fact that Watson believed Marion was conducting himself in a manner contrary to civilized war. At the beginning of 1775, Pennsylvania, founded under Quaker auspices, differed from other American colonies in being totally devoid of military organization. Please reset your password. The Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine 23 (No. With knowledge of the land, James and his men were able to secure the bridge before the arrival of Watsons dragoons. The County Lieutenants ensured that militia units turned out for military exercises, provided the militia units with arms and equipment at the expense of the state, located substitutes for those who declined to serve, and assessed and collected the militia fines. Organized between January 31- August 19, 1777 at Lancaster as Capt. The regiment never recruited the Indian component, and changes in British operations led to the transformation of the white elements into normal infantry. With no radical changes, the new militia system served the Commonwealth through war and peace until 1842. It was during this action that the "wives of several of the soldiers belonging to the 6th Pennsylvania Regiment took the empty canteens of their husbands and friends and returned them filled with waterduring the hottest part of the engagement, although frequently cautioned as to the danger of coming into the line of fire.". Pennsylvania Archives volumes and not directly from original archival records. In December, the 2nd Pennsylvania returned to Morristown for another winter. Revolutionary War Re-Enactors. When active service occurred, it would have been for only sixty days at a time. With less than 200 troops remaining, the consolidated troops are assigned to Brig. In many instances, members of the militia gave no military service beyond occasional routine drill, and some escaped even that. For most counties, the town or township from which each of the companies were recruited is also given when known. During this period, 135 men and officers were detached to Col. Daniel Morgan and participated in the Saratoga campaign as part of his rifle corps. The Raid at Cabanatuan, Philippines, 75th Ranger Regiment The Legacy Continues. In the original concept rangers were full-time soldiers employed by the colonial governments to "range" between fixed frontier fortifications as a reconnaissance system to provide early warning of hostile raids. For line troops, neither the type of service rendered nor the term of enlistment was uniform. This collection is from Record Group 93, War Department Collection of Revolutionary War Records, and is National Archives Microfilm publication M246. These sharpshooters were proving to be so successful that Watson felt compelled by noon to redeploy his regiment to a large open field about a half-mile away. Revolutionary Soldiers, thanks again Ed Carsons In April of 1781, Robinson's Rangers had already been involved, as General Potter stated in his letter xiv in a "sharp engagement at Bald Eagle Creek." Little is known of that particular engagement, and perhaps it is the same one related by Van Campen, later. Only during a brief period in the winter of 1777-1778 did the Continental Army experiment with the idea of employing them as a shock force. The enlisted men were held by the British until December 26, 1776 when they were set free on parole and, most probably, exchanged for prisoners held by the Continental Forces. As Thompson's Rifle Battalion, the regiment participated in the siege of Boston. Col. Henry Bicker was appointed in his place but did not actually join the regiment until the following October. This account has been disabled. "Light Horse Harry" Lee of Virginia (the father of Robert E. Lee) raised the only American-born unit under this concept. In January 1776, the eight companies of the newly-formed battalion began leaving the state to participate in Benedict Arnold's ill-fated attempt to capture Quebec. A Chronology Of The American Revolutionary War An Ordinance For Regulating The Cloathing Department For The Armies Of The United States The Attempt To Win Over The Hessians The Mutiny Of The Pennsylvania Line The Pox: Ten Times More Terrible Than Britons, Canadians And Indians Together Northumberland County Revolutionary War Militia To cross it would put Watson deep within the heartland of the Whig resistance. Both Watson and Marion rode out to face each other across a quarter-mile causeway spanning the mire and marsh of the swamp. Search above to list available cemeteries. The Regiment was authorized on July 11, 1776 in the Continental Army as a Battalion for frontier defense in the, Designated on July 20, 1776 as Mackay's Battalion. Resend Activation Email, Please check the I'm not a robot checkbox, If you want to be a Photo Volunteer you must enter a ZIP Code or select your location on the map. 11th Pennsylvania Regiment was officially authorized on October 25, 1776. By the end of that year, Pennsylvania had adopted a new more radical constitution that wrested control from the older conservative Assembly and in early 1777 the new Assembly passed Pennsylvania's first militia law requiring compulsory military service. Pennsylvania Revolutionary Soldiers - PA-Roots Marion and his brigade soon arrived and forded the river. South Carolina and Georgia each raised mounted ranger units in 1775-1776, but when they became part of the Continental Army during the summer of 1776 they transformed into mounted infantry. An attack against Morgan and his crack shots by a British force of 1,100 men would result in a brilliant double envelopment that has been called by historians the American Cannae. The British defeat was total with over 110 soldiers killed and 830 captured. This Revolutionary War Militia Arrangement provides a breakdown of the battalions and companies raised in each county and the names of the commanding officers. Pennsylvania Militia and a chart showing how the units were organized is available. The regiment as a whole seems to have seen its first major action at the Battle of Brandywine, on September 11, 1777, and saw especially hard fighting, taking heavy casualties. Contrary to common belief, none of the lands granted to veterans by the federal government were located in Pennsylvania. Joshua Huddy, who was every bit as feared by loyalists as Tye was by patriots. This time, the question of military service was no longer optional. Congress called for a Flying Camp to serve under General George Washington. Washington County, Pa., Frontier Rangers, 1781-1782 - Indiana Men who served with Regiment and continued their service saw action at Yorktown and mopping up operations in South Carolina. Comment: Adapted here with some reformating, and standardization, Links to person articles to be added as they come available.
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