1.58%. )imports: 528,000 metric tons (2020 est. Religion has played a major role in the shaping of the Ethiopian culture as well as its politics over time.. People Groups. Other Beliefs in Ethiopia. [29] Discrimination against Muslims has been rampant since the creation of modern Ethiopia, Muslims were marginalized in the Haile Selassie era. 1935-1941 - Italy deposes Emperor Haile Selassie and annexes Ethiopia, before being driven out by British, Commonwealth and Ethiopian forces. You can browse files by category or alphabetically, view the newest additions, most popular files, or search for a file. Poverty, drought, political repression, and forced government resettlement have driven Ethiopias internal and external migration since the 1960s. ETHIOPIA 2021 ETHIOPIA RELIGIONS Christians Area 1,104,300 Km2 GDP per capita 1,730 US$ Population 112,759,070 GINI INDEX* *Economic Inequality 35 Other Ethnoreligionists 0.2% . For months, the conflict in Ethiopia between the Addis Ababa and a defiant regional government has costs thousands of lives and displaced at least a million people. ), household consumption: 69.6% (2017 est. ), China 27%, India 9%, United Arab Emirates 9%, France 9%, United Kingdom 7% (2019), aircraft, gas turbines, packaged medicines, electric filament, cars (2019), $3.046 billion (31 December 2020 est. In 2020 the most popular religions are Islam Summi, Hindu and Christian Roman Catholics. By CARA ANNA, DAVID KEYTON and NAT CASTANEDA November 15, 2021 GMT. The 2019 population density in Ethiopia is 112 people per Km 2 (290 people per mi 2 ), calculated on a total land area of 1,000,000 Km2 (386,102 sq. 20th c shyaway from critical examination." -. Most observers believe the evangelical and Pentecostal proportion of the population has increased since the census was conducted. Submit an article Journal homepage. )$2.993 billion (31 December 2019 est. In December 2019 several mosques and Muslim owned businesses were attacked in the Christian dominated Amhara Region. It is estimated that 62.8 percent of Ethiopians withdraw from meat products on an average of about 250 days of the year due to this religious belief. in November 2021, the Ethiopian . chief of state: President SAHLE-WORK Zewde (since 25 October 2018)head of government: Prime Minister ABIY Ahmed Ali (since April 2018); Deputy Prime Minister DEMEKE Mekonnen Hassen (since 29 November 2012)cabinet: Council of Ministers selected by the prime minister and approved by the House of People's Representativeselections/appointments: president indirectly elected by both chambers of Parliament for a 6-year term (eligible for a second term); election held on 21 June 2021 and 30 September 2021 (the scheduled 29 August 2020 election was postponed by Prime Minister ABIY due to the COVID-19 pandemic); prime minister designated by the majority party following legislative electionselection results: 2021: SAHLE-WORK elected president during joint session of Parliament, vote - 659 (unanimous); ABIY confirmed Prime Minister by House of Peoples' Representatives (4 October 2021)2018: SAHLE-WORK elected president during joint session of Parliament, vote - 659 (unanimous); note - snap election held on 25 October 2018 due to resignation of President MULATA Teshomenote: SAHLE-WORK Zewde is the first female elected head of state in Ethiopia; she is currently the only female president in Africa. A constitution was adopted in 1994, and Ethiopia's first multiparty elections were held in 1995. More than a decade of a tense "no peace, no war" stalemate ended in 2018 after the newly elected Ethiopian prime minister accepted . Fourth Round Census Questioner. . 2023 World Percentage. Zara. Religion Volume 51, 2021 - Issue 3. )imports: 0 kWh (2019 est. )spirits: 0.2 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. )note: data are in 2017 dollars, 26.84% (2021 est. ), total population: 68.59 yearsmale: 66.43 yearsfemale: 70.81 years (2023 est. ), electrification - total population: 47% (2019)electrification - urban areas: 96% (2019)electrification - rural areas: 34% (2019), installed generating capacity: 4.856 million kW (2020 est. Religion in Ethiopia consists of a number of faiths. According to the national census conducted in 2007, over 32 million people or 43.5% were reported to be Ethiopian Orthodox Christians, over 25 million or 33.9% were reported to be Muslim, 13.7 million, or 18.6%, were P'ent'ay Christians, and just under two million or 2.6% adhered to traditional beliefs. . March 5, 2021 12:12 PM ET. Both Orthodox and Protestant Christianity have large representations in southern and western Ethiopia. . Population Density. Among these mainly Abrahamic religions, the most numerous is Christianity (Ethiopian Orthodoxy, P'ent'ay, Roman Catholic) totaling at 67.3%, followed by Islam at 31.3%. ), 31.45% of GDP (2019 est. miles). Profiles include statistics, text, photo, map, progress indicator and language resources. ), lowest 10%: 4.1%highest 10%: 25.6% (2005), revenues: $11.24 billion (2017 est. While the use of modern contraceptive methods among married women has increased significantly from 6 percent in 2000 to 27 percent in 2012, the overall rate is still quite low. )nuclear: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. Major Religion Percent ; Buddhism: 0.00 % Christianity (Evangelical 0.03 %) 0.14 % Ethnic Religions: 0.00 % Hinduism: 0.00 % It has 31.8 million first language speakers and around 25 million second language speakers (out of a total population of 115 million people). The number for Ukraine, by the way, includes all groups claiming to be Orthodox. endobj Ethiopia Country Overview | World Health Organization. Global data and statistics, research and publications, and topics in poverty and development . Density. Inter-Censal Population Survey Report 2012. The faith arrived in Tigray, north of Ethiopia, . ), total subscriptions: 44.5 million (2020 est. )refined petroleum consumption: 107,900 bbl/day (2019 est. There is no state religion, and it is forbidden to form political parties based upon religion; all religious groups are required to register with the government, and renew their registration once every three years. [9][10] Orthodox Ethiopian Christians are predominant in the Tigray (95.6%) and Amhara (82.5%), while the majority of Protestants live in the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Region or SNNPR (55.5% of the inhabitants) and the Oromia Region (4.8 million or 17.7%). Jacob: 6. )$2,200 (2019 est. ), fresh water lake(s): Lake Tana - 3,600 sq km; Abaya Hayk - 1,160 sq km; Ch'amo Hayk - 550 sq kmsalt water lake(s): Lake Turkana (shared with Kenya) - 6,400 sq km; Abhe Bid Hayk/Abhe Bad (shared with Djibouti) - 780 sq km;, Blue Nile river source (shared with Sudan [m]) - 1,600 kmnote [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth, Atlantic Ocean drainage: (Mediterranean Sea) Nile (3,254,853 sq km), Ogaden-Juba Basin, Sudd Basin (Umm Ruwaba Aquifer), highest density is found in the highlands of the north and middle areas of the country, particularly around the centrally located capital city of Addis Ababa; the far east and southeast are sparsely populated as shown in this population distribution map, geologically active Great Rift Valley susceptible to earthquakes, volcanic eruptions; frequent droughts, volcanism: volcanic activity in the Great Rift Valley; Erta Ale (613 m), which has caused frequent lava flows in recent years, is the country's most active volcano; Dabbahu became active in 2005, forcing evacuations; other historically active volcanoes include Alayta, Dalaffilla, Dallol, Dama Ali, Fentale, Kone, Manda Hararo, and Manda-Inakir, note 1: landlocked - entire coastline along the Red Sea was lost with the de jure independence of Eritrea on 24 May 1993; Ethiopia is, therefore, the most populous landlocked country in the world; the Blue Nile, the chief headstream of the Nile by water volume, rises in T'ana Hayk (Lake Tana) in northwest Ethiopianote 2: three major crops may have originated in Ethiopia: coffee (almost certainly), grain sorghum, and castor bean, Oromo 35.8%, Amhara 24.1%, Somali 7.2%, Tigray 5.7%, Sidama 4.1%, Guragie 2.6%, Welaita 2.3%, Afar 2.2%, Silte 1.3%, Kefficho 1.2%, other 13.5% (2022 est.). Date of Issue: 25.10.2021. . [3] Haile Selassie's government reportedly concealed the actual figures of the Muslim population in order to present Ethiopia as a Christian nation to the outside world. )$7.588 billion (2019 est. [30] Haile Selassie actually came to power during the rise of opposition to Muslims in government positions. used to collect data. At the time of the 2007 census, 43.5% of the population identified as Ethiopian. [citation needed] The numerous indigenous African religions in Ethiopia operate mainly in the far southwest and western borderlands. [38] These friendly and collaborative relations between Muslim and Christian states would soon deteriorate in the following centuries. ), 3.69% (2021 est. Ethiopia is the oldest Christian state in the world and the country was said to be converted during the . <> 0-14 years: 38.91% (male 22,821,026/female 22,498,331)15-64 years: 57.55% (male 33,345,764/female 33,672,933)65 years and over: 3.54% (2023 est.) The study is about the DDR's attempt to create a humane and just health care system in a country devastated by World War II, with few resources available (and a population one-third the size of . A subsequent 2007 Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission (EEBC) demarcation was rejected by Ethiopia. NTIA seeks broad input and feedback from all interested . [34], In the Hadith, Prophet Mohammed explicitly prohibited jihad against the Abyssinians as long as they were not hostile to Muslims. )methane emissions: 114.21 megatons (2020 est. ), $27.27 billion (2019 est. gle religious denomination (44 percent), is particularly dominant in the Tigray and Amhara regions and in some parts of Oromia. 2007 census, 2022 projection It's the 12th-most populous country in the world and the 2nd-most populous in Africa. )exports: 1 billion kWh (2019 est. 1 0 obj Deadline for applications: 04.11.2021:Objective. Below are key statistics from WHO's Global Health Observatory. . 1580 The Trotize of Zera Jacob Most people interprot thing on. )$3.987 billion (31 December 2018 est. According to a survey conducted by statista, 98% of Ethiopian people consider religion to be an important aspect of their lives.. )6.06% (2020 est. 65% of girls and women (15-49) have undergone FGM/C (47.1% in age . According to the Barnabas Fund, 55 churches were torched in March 2011 in the Jimma Zone by Muslims after a dispute. ethnicity, religion, and sexual orientation and particularly in terms of gender as women make up a high percentage of our staff and are encouraged to apply. The modern name Ethiopia is from the Greek term Aethiopia used to translate Kush, and was applied to all of Sub-Saharan Africa, including what is now Sudan, but with a few classical geographers giving more detailed descriptions of present-day Ethiopia and Eritrea (e.g. (male 1,887,831/female 2,236,827), total dependency ratio: 75.7youth dependency ratio: 70.2elderly dependency ratio: 5.5potential support ratio: 18.1 (2021 est. Moreover, the largest portion of non-Arab companions of Muhammad belonged to Ethiopian ethnic groups. ), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 51.8%male: 57.2%female: 44.4% (2017), total: 9 yearsmale: 8 yearsfemale: 8 years (2012), total: 5.7%male: 4.4%female: 7.2% (2021 est. 1,822 Views 1 CrossRef citations to date 0. . Christianity was introduced to Ethiopia in the 4th century, and the Ethiopian Orthodox Church (called Tewahdo in Ethiopia) is one of the oldest organized Christian bodies in the world. )-$5.025 billion (2019 est. It is a crime in Ethiopia to incite one religion against another. Islam was in 2007 the second largest religion in Ethiopia with over 33.9% of the population. )imports of goods and services: -31.2% (2017 est. To make sense of it, the war must be viewed through the prism of Eritrea, where a totalitarian regime deemed to have been committing crimes against humanity since 1991 violates fundamental freedoms, including the freedom of religion or belief, comprehensively. Prime Minister Abiy has promoted reconciliation between Ethiopia's main faith groups, including through the 2018 release of Muslim activists who had been arrested in 2015 for protesting the government's treatment . 2020 estimate). The population of the sub cities of Addis Ababa. )2.33% (2019 est. Islam is also the official religion of this country, which has one of the largest Muslim . [33] There is some tension between members of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church and Protestant Christians, as well as between the Ethiopian Orthodox and Muslims in general. [35] This is because Abyssinia's (present-day Ethiopia) Aksumite monarch embraced a group of Muslims embarking on the first Hijrah from Arabia, fleeing persecution from their homeland. )from coal and metallurgical coke: 1.474 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. )proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est. )consumption: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. and its projected population for 2021 was 104,477,000 people. Since the defeat of the Derg in 1991, Ethiopians have migrated to escape violence among some of the countrys myriad ethnic groups or to pursue economic opportunities. Ethiopia has close historical ties to all three of the world's major Abrahamic religions.Christians form the majority of the population. [3] A 2015 study estimates some 400,000 Christian believers from a Muslim background in the country, most of them belonging to some form of Protestantism. Descriptive statistics, bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis were . That figure fluctuated only a few percentage points over a . Islam now accounts for nearly forty percent of the population and is growing. )hydroelectricity: 95.8% of total installed capacity (2020 est. ), 16.798 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. Mazaa (a pseudonym), a 44-year-old who runs a K-8 school with her husband outside of Addis Ababa, has tried to share her concerns about the grave suffering of Tigrayans with fellow evangelicals. According to 2016 U.S. government estimates, 44 percent of the population adheres to the EOTC, 31 percent are Sunni Muslim, and 23 percent belong to evangelical Christian and Pentecostal groups, including the Seventh-day Adventist Church, Ethiopian Kale Heywet Church, and Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus. Moths Turned Eagles, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; The National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahs of Ethiopia. The largest numbers of practitioners of traditional religions are in the SNNPR (about 993,000 people) and Oromia (895,000). [8] The U.S. State Department estimates that just over 50% of the country is Christian (40 to 45% of the population belongs to the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, about 10% are members of Christian evangelical and Pentecostal groups). In this regard, the CSA conducts, produces, disseminates and administers data generated from surveys and censuses in Ethiopia. In 1974, a military junta, the Derg, deposed Emperor Haile SELASSIE (who had ruled since 1930) and established a socialist state. Internal and international trafficking of women and children for domestic work and prostitution is a growing problem. The church has long enjoyed a dominant role in the culture and politics of Ethiopia, having served as the official religion of the ruling elite until the demise of the monarchy in 1974. ), forest revenues: 5.81% of GDP (2018 est. [7], According to the government's 1994 census (which the CIA World Factbook follows), 61.6% of the Ethiopian population was Christian: 50.6% of the total were Ethiopian Orthodox, 10.1% were various Protestant denominations (such as P'ent'ay and the Lutheran Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus), and Roman Catholics constituted 0.9% of the population). Global; Regions. The Beta Israel, also known as the Falashas (though this term is considered derogatory), are a long-isolated group of African Jews who have lived in Ethiopia since antiquity. stream Many believe that the Gospel had entered Ethiopia even earlier, with the royal official described as being baptised by Philip the Evangelist in chapter eight of the Acts of the Apostles (Acts 8:2639). )8.36% (2019 est. )other alcohols: 0.03 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. )tide and wave: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. If recent progress is continued, prevalence of child marriage would drop to 20 per cent by 2030 and to below 10 percent by 2050. Population Projection Towns as of July 2021. One ethnic Tigrayan in the diaspora has been compiling a list of names of those killed in Ethiopia's year-long war. <>/Metadata 145 0 R/ViewerPreferences 146 0 R>> The Danish Refugee Council (DRC), an international non-governmental organization (NGO), has been providing relief and development services in the Horn of Africa . Ethiopia has a long historical and cultural connection to both Christianity and Islam. The World Bank is helping to fight poverty and improve living standards in Ethiopia. )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 1 (2020 est. ; Ethiopia population is equivalent to 1.47% of the total world population. )expenditures: $13.79 billion (2017 est. Events in Tigray mirror some of the violations endured by . [39] In the early fifteenth century Emperor Zara Yaqob invaded the Muslim state of Hadiya Sultanate and married the captured Hadiya princess Eleni which was condemned by Muslims. The population of the regions and districts (woredas) of Ethiopia. With about 40 percent of the population below the age of 15 and a fertility rate of 4 children per woman (and even higher in rural areas), Ethiopia will have to make further progress in meeting its family planning needs if it is to achieve the age structure necessary for reaping a demographic dividend in the coming decades. total: 1,104,300 sq kmland: 1,096,570 sq kmwater: 7,730 sq kmnote: area numbers are approximate since a large portion of the Ethiopia-Somalia border is undefined, slightly less than twice the size of Texas, total: 5,925 kmborder countries (6): Djibouti 342 km; Eritrea 1,033 km; Kenya 867 km; Somalia 1,640 km; South Sudan 1,299 km; Sudan 744 km, tropical monsoon with wide topographic-induced variation, high plateau with central mountain range divided by Great Rift Valley, highest point: Ras Dejen 4,550 mlowest point: Danakil Depression -125 mmean elevation: 1,330 m, small reserves of gold, platinum, copper, potash, natural gas, hydropower, agricultural land: 36.3% (2018 est. Ethiopia has close historical ties to all three of the world's major Abrahamic religions. )note: data are in 2017 dollars, 5.64% (2021 est. The Emperor himself was the defender of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, that also has a concept of Zion, although it represents a unique and complex concept, referring figuratively to St. Mary, but also to Ethiopia as a bastion of Christianity surrounded by Muslims and other religions, much like Mount Zion in the Bible[citation needed]. In terms of total speaker numbers, Amharic is the most spoken language in Ethiopia. The most recent general statistical information about religious groups. Includes U.S. and international data, reports, and maps. Islam is the second most followed religion, with 33.9% of the population being adherents. 108 IGT-F AW 27 February 2015. Islam first arrived in Ethiopia in 614 with the First Migration to Abyssinia. )-$2.719 billion (2020 est. Their existence was not widely known to the outside world for many years, and they likewise were not aware of other Jewish groups outside of their own community. make up the remaining 0.6%. Meanwhile Sunni Muslims, who represent [8][13] ), -$4.507 billion (2021 est. looks like where more than 40 percent of the country identifies as Ethiopian Orthodox and nearly 25 percent as Protestant. Abyssinia is also mentioned in the Qur'an and Hadith. ), total: 212,000 (2020 est. Ethiopian Orthodox 43.8%, Muslim 31.3%, Protestant 22.8%, Catholic 0.7%, traditional 0.6%, other 0.8% (2016 est.). Meanwhile, there has been a sharp increase in the percentage of Americans with no religion, which was less than 5% from through the early 1970s, rose to 10% by 2002 and was 21% in 2021. Ethiopia's last census estimated that 43.5 percent of Ethiopians identify as Orthodox Christian, 33.9 percent as Muslim, and 18.6 percent as Protestant. 4 0 obj [3] Ethiopia is the site of the first hijra in Islamic history and the oldest Muslim settlement in Africa at Negash. In 2018, 50% of adults polled said they belonged to a religious congregation, down sharply from the 70% who said so as recently as 1999. ), total subscriptions: 1.252 million (2020 est. Oromo (official working language in the State of Oromiya) 33.8%, Amharic (official national language) 29.3%, Somali (official working language of the State of Sumale) 6.2%, Tigrigna (Tigrinya) (official working language of the State of Tigray) 5.9%, Sidamo 4%, Wolaytta 2.2%, Gurage 2%, Afar (official working language of the State of Afar) 1.7%, Hadiyya 1.7%, Gamo 1.5%, Gedeo 1.3%, Opuuo 1.2%, Kafa 1.1%, other 8.1%, English (major foreign language taught in schools), Arabic (2007 est. Africa; Americas; . The Kingdom of Aksum in present-day Ethiopia and Eritrea was one of the first Christian countries in the world, having officially adopted Christianity as the state religion in the 4th century. ), total: 32.44 deaths/1,000 live birthsmale: 37.13 deaths/1,000 live birthsfemale: 27.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2023 est. Tigrayans make up about 7 percent of Ethiopia's population compared with the two largest ethnic groups, the Oromo and the Amhara, which make up over 60 percent. Population Projection Wereda as of July 2021. 4 Islam is the second-largest religious group in Ethiopia, at 34 percent, with Orthodox Christians at 44 percent and Protestant Christians at 19 percent. Basic Statistic Total population of Ethiopia 2021, by gender . )industry: 21.6% (2017 est. Education Statistics 2006. ), number of registered air carriers: 1 (2020)inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 75annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 11,501,244 (2018)annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 2,089,280,000 (2018) mt-km, total: 17over 3,047 m: 32,438 to 3,047 m: 81,524 to 2,437 m: 4under 914 m: 2 (2021), total: 402,438 to 3,047 m: 31,524 to 2,437 m: 9914 to 1,523 m: 20under 914 m: 8 (2021), total: 659 km (2017) (Ethiopian segment of the 756 km Addis Ababa-Djibouti railroad)standard gauge: 659 km (2017) 1.435-m gaugenote: electric railway with redundant power supplies; under joint control of Djibouti and Ethiopia and managed by a Chinese contractor, total: 11by type: general cargo 9, oil tanker 2 (2020), Ethiopia is landlocked and uses the ports of Djibouti in Djibouti and Berbera in Somalia, Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF): Ground Forces, Ethiopian Air Force (Ye Ityopya Ayer Hayl, ETAF); Ministry of Peace: Ethiopian Federal Police (EFP) (2022)note 1: in 2020 the Ethiopian Government announced it had re-established a navy, which had been disbanded in 1996; in March 2019, Ethiopia signed a defense cooperation agreement with France which stipulated that France would support the establishment of an Ethiopian navy, which would reportedly be based out of Djiboutinote 2: in 2018, Ethiopia established a Republican Guard military unit responsible to the Prime Minister for protecting senior officialsnote 3: each of the states have regional and/or a "special" paramilitary security and police forces that report to regional civilian authorities and operate separately from federal forces; local militias operate across the country in loose and varying coordination with these regional security and police forces, the ENDF, and the EFP; there have been some calls for these regional paramilitary forces to be incorporated into the ENDF and EFP, 0.5% of GDP (2021 est. W. hen two men were shot dead by police on the night of 5 February in downtown Addis Ababa amidst confrontations triggered by the construction of a church that the authorities claimed was without proper permits, many Orthodox Christians in Ethiopia saw the incident as a continuation of a growing number of attacks against their religion over the past two years. [17] The writers of Ethiopia: a country study claimed that Islam made up 50% of the total population in 1991 based on the 1984 census commissioned by the Derg regime. . . The core characteristics and beliefs of the world's major religions are described below. )$248.972 billion (2019 est. The conflict in Tigray is predicated on ethnicity rather than creed. [9] The rise of Islamic extremists account for much of the violent persecution in Ethiopia. The world's most religious country is actually a 7 way tie between Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Indonesia, Malawi, Niger, Sri Lanka, and Yemen. make up the remaining 0.6%. (1984), 1994, 2007 census, 2022 projection. ), women married by age 15: 14.1%women married by age 18: 40.3%men married by age 18: 5% (2016 est. In general, most of the Christians (largely members of the non-Chalcedonian Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church) live in the highlands, while Muslims and adherents of traditional African religions tend to inhabit more lowland regions in the east and south of the country. [36] The founder of Solomonic dynasty, Yekuno Amlak was heavily assisted by Muslim Sultanate of Showa in his struggle against the Zagwe dynasty. description: bicameral Parliament consists of:House of Federation or Yefedereshein Mikir Bete (153 seats maximum; 144 seats current; members indirectly elected by state assemblies to serve 5-year terms)House of People's Representatives or Yehizb Tewokayoch Mekir Bete (547 seats maximum; 470 seats current; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote; 22 seats reserved for minorities; all members serve 5-year terms)elections: House of Federation - last held 4 October 2021 (next expected 31 October 2026)House of People's Representatives - last held in two parts on 21 June 2021 and 30 September 2021 (next election expected 30 June 2026)election results: House of Federation - percent of vote by coalition/party - NA; seats by coalition/party - NA; composition - men 100, women 44, percent of women 30.6%House of Representatives - percent of vote by coalition/party - NA; seats by coalition/party - Prosperity Party 454, NAMA 5, EZEMA 4, Gedeo People's Democratic organization 2, Kucha People Democratic Party 1, independent 4; composition - men 275, women 195, percent of women 41.5%; note - total Parliament percent of women 38.9%notes: House of Federation is responsible for interpreting the constitution and federal-regional issues and the House of People's Representatives is responsible for passing legislation; percent of vote percentages are calculated on the number of members actually seated versus on the constitutional maximums, highest court(s): Federal Supreme Court (consists of 11 judges); note - the House of Federation has jurisdiction for all constitutional issuesjudge selection and term of office: president and vice president of Federal Supreme Court recommended by the prime minister and appointed by the House of People's Representatives; other Supreme Court judges nominated by the Federal Judicial Administrative Council (a 10-member body chaired by the president of the Federal Supreme Court) and appointed by the House of People's Representatives; judges serve until retirement at age 60subordinate courts: federal high courts and federal courts of first instance; state court systems (mirror structure of federal system); sharia courts and customary and traditional courts, House of People's Representatives:Ethiopian Citizens for Social Justice and Democracy or EZEMA [BERHANU Nega] Gedeo People's Democratic PartyIndependentKucha People Democratic PartyNational Movement of Amhara or NAMAProsperity Party or PPnote: Ethiopia has over fifty national-level and regional-level political parties.