2022 Mar 23;13:733116. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.733116. in soils and in solutions. Orobanche; Phelipanche; germination; haustorium; integrated pest management; parasitism; plant recognition; seed bank. Evol. Updates? The biology of Striga, Orobanche and other root parasitic weeds. MF-A wrote the paper. Its not a huge problem, but its not a small one either, and I think its under-reported because it requires crop destruct. The use of several phytopathogenic fungi for broomrape control. The capacity of P. orobanchia to reduce broomrape populations is limited by cultural practices and antagonists (Klein and Kroschel, 2002; Aly, 2007). Responsiveness of Orobanche ramosa L. seeds to GR24 as related to temperature, oxygen availability and water potential during preconditioning and subsequent germination. Resistance in AB-VL-8 is . News Bull. (2014). Phytomyza orobanchia is reported to be broomrape-specific and its main action as biocontrol agent is by reduction of broomrape reproductive activity due to their feeding activity on ovules and young seeds. National Library of Medicine Ivanovi , Marisavljevi D, Marinkovi R, Mitrovi P, Blagojevi J, Nikoli I, Pavlovi D. Plant Pathol J. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Rev. 38, 343349. In non-parasitic plants, physiological dormancy can be relieved through stratification but in the case of broomrape weeds, two consecutive processes are required to release dormancy: an environment-dependent first step of warm stratification called the conditioning phase, and a host-dependent second step of chemodetection. Tolerant varieties are able to endure infection with minor losses on productivity. 7, 34133420. J. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-3180.1998.00105.x, Hibberd, J. M., Quick, W. P., Press, M. C., and Scholes, J. D. (1998). consultancy for, shared ownership in or any close relationship with, at any time over the preceding 36 months, any organisation whose interests may be affected by the publication of the response. Z., Huang, K., Wickett, N. J., Alford, S., et al. Should you discover broomrape in a field, please contact the grower immediately, who should in turn contact the respective county agricultural commissioner. This is not eradication, Hanson said. Abbes, Z., Kharrat, M., Pouvreau, J. Eur. Interaction of light and hormone signals in germinating seeds. (2011). In addition, their mixed traits of weed and underground pathogen, make their control tricky. Fernndez-Aparicio, M., Flores, F., and Rubiales, D. (2012a). 23, 44544466. Annu. Mechanisms limiting the geographical range of the parasitic weed Orobanche crenata. TABLE 1. List of Inert Pesticide Ingredients List 4b. Acta 108, 4755. Each broomrape species show specificity not only for root exudates in order to germinate but also for host species to invade and feed on, being the germination-stimulatory range usually broader than the actual host range (Fernndez-Aparicio et al., 2009b). 65, 560565. Interestingly, experimentation carried out on broomrape species specialized on summer crops revealed their lower requirement for conditioning when compared with species specialized in winter annual crops highlighting the ecological adaptation of broomrape weeds to the cropping system in which they become specialized (Plakhine et al., 2009). Symplasmic sieve element continuity between Orobanche and its host. doi: 10.1002/ps.1740, Rubiales, D., Fernndez-Aparicio, M., Wegmann, K., and Joel, D. (2009b). Phytoparasitica 31, 422. Exp. 10.1016/j.plaphy.2008.10.004 The broomrape radicle shows no gravitropism and grows toward the host as a result of cell elongation. Expression of a defense-related 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase gene in response to parasitism by Orobanche spp. The model was developed in greenhouse studies and validated in the field during three growing seasons. Delaying sowing date has, however, a general drawback by reducing yield potential under normal development so that plant breeding program tend generally to favor long lasting cultivars with early sowing dates. Planta 227, 125132. Plakhine, D., Ziadna, H., and Joel, D. M. (2009). Seed Sci. Weed Res. Cezard, R. (1973). Is it compulsory to practice social distancing in London? Euphytica 186, 897905. J. Phytopathol. In addition, the parasitic-specific receptor KAI2d that enables host detection in broomrapes has recently been identified. Takeuchi, Y., Omigawa, Y., Ogasawara, M., Yoneyama, K., Konnai, M., and Worsham, A. D. (1995). Biochem. Plant Physiol. doi: 10.1094/MPMI.1998.11.6.530, Xie, X., Yoneyama, K., and Yoneyama, K. (2010). Weed Sci. -. Plant Biol. 47 153159. 52, 8386. In vitro treatments of a large range of sulfonylurea herbicides inhibit broomrape germination and radicle elongation (Hershenhorn et al., 1998; Plakhine et al., 2001). In addition to the toxic effects on broomrape seed and seedling, fertilization can protect crops from broomrape parasitism by means of down-regulating the crop synthesis and exudation of strigolactones, the most potent germination-inducing factors for broomrape. Biol. (2012). Sci. Manage. Barry M. Goldwater Range (BMGR), West Cultural Affiliation Study. Evaluation of weed eradication programs: the delimitation of extent. doi: 10.1021/jf504609w, Cimmino, A., Fernandez-Aparicio, M., Avolio, F., Andolfi, A., Rubiales, D., Yoneyama, K., et al. Field response of Lathyrus cicera germplasm to crenate broomrape (Orobanche crenata). Ehleringer, J. R., and Marshall, J. D. (1995). EM 8884-E Reprinted August 2008 important rotational crop in grass seed production systems. Technol. Seed respiration patterns during conditioning indicate a strong activation of metabolism. Signalling organogenesis in parasitic angiosperms: xenognosin generation, perception, and response. Mediterr. (2007a). You could plant non-host crops for 20 years, but then when you plant tomatoes, branched broomrape could emerge again, Hanson said. Impact of Egyptian broomrape (Orobanche aegyptiaca (Pers.) The broomrapes are obligate plant-parasitic plants from the genera Orobanche and Phelipanche in the Orobanchaceae family (Bennett and Mathews, 2006; Tank et al., 2006; Joel, 2009). Inhibition of Orobanche crenata seed germination and radicle growth by allelochemicals identified in cereals. Aust. Still, as the parasite is synchronized on the crop development this means in some cases that the change disfavoring the parasite could also limit the maximum potential yield for the crop. A., and Garca-Garrido, J. M. (2009c). Mmoire sur la Germination des Orobanches, Vol. Plant Physiol. Evaluation of the pathogenicity of microorganisms isolated from Egyptian broomrape (Orobanche aegyptiaca) in Israel. (2009). Technol. We are trying to hedge our bets, in terms of registering something we can use on tomatoes.. Reviewed in Joel et al. Structure and function of natural and synthetic signaling molecules in parasitic weed germination. Nitrogen reduces branched broomrape (Orobanche ramosa) seed germination. Weed Res. Transgenic Res. 44, 22212229. Ann. Broomrape seeds are less capable to recognize crop roots colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Rhizobium leguminosarum or Azospirillum brasilense due to change in the composition of the root exudates in colonized plants (Dadon et al., 2004; Mabrouk et al., 2007a; Fernndez-Aparicio et al., 2009c, 2010b; Louarn et al., 2012). 35, 445452. doi: 10.1614/WS-07-147.1, Mauromicale, G., Restuccia, G., and Marchese, A. Such target-site resistance is also available in other broomrape-susceptible crops but remains to be tested and registered to control broomrape. A predictive degree-days model for small broomrape This is how can we live with this without huge yield losses. Dev. Crops with target-site herbicide resistance for Orobanche and Striga control. Biocontrol Sci. Lins, R. D., Colquhoun, J. Plant Growth Regul. Host plant resistance to parasitic weeds; recent progress and bottlenecks. Third, broomrape underground attachments do not take herbicides from the soil but only systemically from the host and therefore, this strategy is limited to systemic herbicides applied to herbicide-resistant crop varieties that do not metabolize the herbicide into inactive forms. (2000). 37, 3751. Lpez-Rez, J. Am. doi: 10.1051/agro:2001167. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). 6, 269275. Bot. Ilustration of broomrape life stages and mechanisms of control. Systemic translocation of nanoencapsulated herbicides could improve this herbicidal approach (Prez-de-Luque and Rubiales, 2009). doi: 10.1002/ps.1738. B., Delavault, P., Chaibi, W., and Simier, P. (2010). J. Bot. Accordingly, broomrape seed conditioning induces a decrease in ABA levels (Chae et al., 2004; Lechat et al., 2012) and GA synthesis (Joel et al., 1991; Zehhar et al., 2002). Agric. Weed Res. Weed Res. 2021 Apr 11;10(4):746. doi: 10.3390/plants10040746. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Solar heating (solarization) control of soilborne pests. 14, 227236. XR and SG-L additional text, editing, and comments. Root system in mature broomrape plants is reduced to short adventitious parasitic roots with functions of anchorage and stabilization in the soil and their leaves are reduced to small achlorophyllous scales (Parker and Riches, 1993). Control strategies designed for non-parasitic weeds such as cultural and chemical methods do not necessarily achieve the required level of control for broomrape due to its mixed traits as weed and as root parasite. Gene expression analysis could be indicating that parasitic plants down-regulate their synthesis of strigolactones at the end of conditioning period, and perhaps the creation of that internal deficit for broomrape-encoded strigolactones contributes to the broomrape sensitivity for external, host-derived strigolactones at the time of host detection (Das et al., 2015). The predictability of establishment on perennial hosts is high and therefore wild broomrape species feeding off perennial plants have narrow host ranges. In addition, accumulation of toxic phenolic compounds at the infection point can be observed in some resistant varieties. 9, 58. It allows the parasite to quickly start tapping carbohydrates, amino acids, and organic acids from its host (Drr and Kollmann, 1995; Nandula et al., 2000; Abbes et al., 2009). doi: 10.1093/pcp/pcr031, Nandula, V. K., Foster, J. G., and Foy, C. L. (2000). -, Abbes Z., Kharrat M., Delavault P., Chabi W., Simier P. (2009). Biol. Rev. It is best recognized by its yellow-to-straw coloured stems completely lacking chlorophyll, bearing yellow, white or blue, snapdragon-like flowers. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. In addition it also varies considerably in crops growing under different physiological status, growth stages and growing seasons, allowing broomrape to synchronize its germination with physiologically suitable hosts (Lpez-Granados and Garca-Torres, 1996; Yoneyama et al., 2007a,b; Fernndez-Aparicio et al., 2009b, 2014; Xie et al., 2010). Biotic inducers of systemic resistance have also proved being successful against broomrape parasitism under experimental conditions. Fertilization can induce soil suppressiveness to initiation of broomrape parasitism. Joel, D. M. (2000). (2008). "It is a prolific seed producer. As a consequence, except when deeply infested, the farmer (and thus the market) will not retain a solution that has economical negative drawbacks. However, seven broomrape species, Orobanche crenata, O. cernua, O. cumana, O. foetida, O. minor, Phelipanche aegyptiaca, and P. ramosa have specialized on attacking crops causing trouble in agriculture along Mediterranean, central and eastern Europe, and Asia (Parker, 2009). is a parasitic plant that feeds on sunflower roots. Transgenic crops against parasites. 56, 574581. However, results recently arisen from a molecule screening identified phytotoxins that induce the development of anchoring device in broomrape radicles (Cimmino et al., 2014, 2015). Commercially available as Bion, field doses of 0.8 kg ha1 are recommended to inhibit P. ramosa parasitism in hemp and tobacco (Gonsior et al., 2004), crops for which resistant varieties are not available. In the following sections we describe the key developmental stages in the subterranean broomrape life cycle. Sauerborn, J. 43, 808815. 47, 452460. Broomrape | Infonet Biovision Home. 11, 530536. Although the effect of jasmonic-acid-dependent induced systemic resistance (ISR) against parasitic plants is less clear (Kusumoto et al., 2007; Hiraoka et al., 2009; Yoder and Scholes, 2010), strains of Pseudomonas sp. doi: 10.1094/PD-89-0023, Singh, A., and Singh, M. (1993). Haustorial connection of broomrape with the root of a weed host In south Texas, broomrape seed germination occurs from December to February. Its high cost per surface unit makes this method not readily applicable at large scale (Joel, 2000). 10. (2000). Phelipanche ramosa (L.) Pomel (branched broomrape) is a holoparasitic plant that reproduces on crops and also on weeds, which contributes to increase the parasite seed bank in fields. Phosphorous and nitrogen have been described to down regulate strigolactones exudation in some crop species (Yoneyama et al., 2007a,b, 2012). doi: 10.1080/09583150903340544, Barker, E. R., Press, M. C., Scholes, J. D., and Quick, W. P. (1996). Biocontrol 47, 245277. Orobanche crenata in UK- an update. J. Agric. in a subterranean clover pasture. doi: 10.1002/ps.1713. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.1993.tb01802.x, Slavov, S., Valkov, V., Batchvarova, R., Atanassova, S., Alexandrova, M., and Atanassov, A. Bot. doi: 10.1051/agro:2003016, Rubiales, D., Prez-de-Luque, A., Joel, D. M., Alcantara, C., and Sillero, J. C. (2003b). Due to their achlorophyllous nature, broomrapes are constrained to obtain their nutritional resources by feeding off other plants using the haustorium, an organ unique in parasitic plants through which the parasite diverts water and nutrients from the host (De Candolle, 1813; Kuijt, 1969; Musselman and Dickison, 1975; Westwood, 2013). PPT - Symbiosis PowerPoint presentation | free to download - id: 7fc2e8 Control 28, 110. N-substituted phthalimides as plant bioregulants. doi: 10.1021/jf5027235, Fernndez-Aparicio, M., Kisugi, T., Xie, X., Rubiales, D., and Yoneyama, K. (2014). Those mechanisms kill the broomrape either by inducing toxic effects or by starving the parasite. Though, the effect of L-methionine on internal crop resistance was not studied and requires further investigation. Abu-Irmaileh, B. E., and Labrada, R. (2009). Original article from AgAlert, California Farm Bureau Federation.). Mller-Stver, D. (2001). Eizenberg, H., Aly, R., and Cohen, Y. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3180.2009.00748.x. 2022 Feb 5;11(3):438. doi: 10.3390/plants11030438. Bioprotection mechanisms of pea plant by Rhizobium leguminosarum against Orobanche crenata. Based on those conditions, methionine has the potential to be used as broomrape herbicide but it needs to be confirmed and its application adjusted to real field conditions. doi: 10.1111/j.1744-7348.2007.00212.x, Prez-de-Luque, A., and Rubiales, D. (2009). Sci. Bot. Plant J. Sci. doi: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2010.00702.x. Variability of interactions between barrel medic (Medicago truncatula) genotypes and Orobanche species. We reviewed relevant facts about the biology and physiology of broomrape weeds and the major feasible control strategies. Weed Sci. doi: 10.1006/anbo.1997.0563, Louarn, J., Carbonne, F., Delavault, P., Becard, G., and Rochange, S. (2012). resistance available for faba bean breeding. Corrections? Such a model would be a valuable tool to synthesize knowledge on broomrape life-cycle, to design and test management strategies and better predict the variability in effects observed for a given environment and set of agricultural practices. 13, 478484. Besides arginine and aspartate, other major forms of amino acids translocate from the host phloem but they are rapidly utilized by broomrape. The timing of herbicide application is essential.. Broomrape Weeds. Underground Mechanisms of Parasitism and - PubMed Planta 225, 10311038. Revisiting strategies for reducing the seedbank of Orobanche and Phelipanche spp. in faba bean (Vicia faba) based in low induction of broomrape seed germination. SA promotes resistance to broomrape. July 4, 2022 July 4, 2022. Weed Sci. Phytoparasitica 32, 2129. Biological control of Orobanche spp. Crop Prot. More than 40 insect herbivores from 22 families have been collected on broomrape plants but a majority of them are polyphagous without any specificity for broomrape species being some of them serious pests of important crops (Klein and Kroschel, 2002). See this image and copyright information in PMC. doi: 10.1093/jxb/ers189, Lee, J. There have been some known cases in the Sacramento Valley, but I think its more than reported, Hanson said. Broomrape high fecundity, with thousands of seeds released per broomrape plant (Figures 2A,B), multiplies the chances of the next generation to encounter a host and achieve successful parasitism (Parker and Riches, 1993). doi: 10.1007/s11103-008-9429-y. In return they develop haustoria to feed off other plants (Kuijt, 1969; Musselman and Dickison, 1975). 100, 537544. It produces a large number of tiny seeds and many of them are long-lived.. 50, 262268. Target-site resistances have been successfully developed in crops either by classical breeding such as sunflower, by screening mutagenized crop populations such as the case of oilseed rape or by transgenic techniques such as tomato, tobacco, carrots, and oilseed rape (Joel et al., 1995; Aviv et al., 2002; Slavov et al., 2005; Tan et al., 2005). Ann. Thidiazuron stimulates germination and ethylene production in Striga hermonthica comparison with the effects of GR24, ethylene and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid. Agron. 50, 277279. Sunflower Breeding for Resistance to the new Broomrape Race Sci. The ability of L-methionine to stop the entrance of broomrape intrusive cells into the host-root layers has not been studied. Plant Microbe Interact.